This user guide was initially compiled for training staff of the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) by UNEP-WCMC, with funding from the CMS Secretariat. It has been adapted for training staff of the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), with funding from the CITES. Secretariat We are very grateful for their support.